Bonus Points for March Information Part 5 of 8

 

In Part 5 we are looking at a American President who has done more after his term in office than when he was actually in office. And then we are going to continue looking at the Bill of Rights(Section 22 – 24) .

 

James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr.          

(1 October 1924 - )

He is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States (1977–1981). He left office in 1980 with a low 34 percent approval rating. In the decades since, he’s more than made up for it. In 1982, he and wife Rosalynn established The Carter Center in Atlanta, which is guided by “a fundamental commitment to human rights and the alleviation of human suffering; it seeks to prevent and resolve conflicts, enhance freedom and democracy, and improve health,” according to the mission statement. In 2002, President Carter received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work "to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development" through The Carter, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office.

President Carter and The Carter Center have engaged in conflict mediation in:

· Ethiopia and Eritrea (1989),

· North Korea (1994),

· Liberia (1994),

· Haiti (1994),

· Bosnia (1994),

· Sudan (1995),

· the Great Lakes region of Africa (1995-96),

· Sudan and Uganda (1999),

· Venezuela (2002-2003),

· Nepal (2004-2008),

· Ecuador and Colombia (2008), and

· The Middle East (2003-present). 

Under his leadership The Carter Center has sent ninety-six election-observation missions to the Americas, Africa, and Asia.  These include:

· Panama (1989),

· Nicaragua (1990),

· Guyana (1992),

· China (1997),

· Nigeria (1998),

· Indonesia (1999),

· East Timor (1999),

· Mexico (2000),

· Guatemala (2003),

· Venezuela (2004),

· Ethiopia (2005),

· Liberia (2005),

· the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2006),

· Nepal (2008),

· Lebanon (2009),

· Sudan (2010),

· Tunisia (2011),

· Egypt (2011-2012), and

· Kenya (2013).

It also works to improve global health through the control and eradication of diseases such as 

· Guinea worm disease, 

· river blindness, 

· malaria, 

· trachoma, 

· lymphatic filariasis, and 

· schistosomiasis.

It also works to diminish the stigma of mental illnesses and improve nutrition through increased crop production in Africa.

Carter is a key figure in the Habitat for Humanity project, and also remains particularly vocal on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

http://www.cartercenter.org/news/experts/jimmy_carter.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter#Carter_Center_and_Nobel_Prize

 

Bill Of Rights

22. Freedom of trade, occupation and profession

Every citizen has the right to choose their trade, occupation or profession freely. The practice of a trade, occupation or profession may be regulated by law.

23. Labour relations

1. Everyone has the right to fair labour practices.

2. Every worker has the right ­

a. to form and join a trade union;

b. to participate in the activities and programmes of a trade union; and

c. to strike.

3. Every employer has the right ­

a. to form and join an employers' organisation; and

b. to participate in the activities and programmes of an employers' organisation.

4. Every trade union and every employers' organisation has the right ­

a. to determine its own administration, programmes and activities;

b. to organise; and

c. to form and join a federation.

5. Every trade union, employers' organisation and employer has the right to engage in collective bargaining. National legislation may be enacted to regulate collective bargaining. To the extent that the legislation may limit a right in this Chapter, the limitation must comply with section 36(1).

6. National legislation may recognise union security arrangements contained in collective agreements. To the extent that the legislation may limit a right in this Chapter, the limitation must comply with section 36(1).

24. Environment

Everyone has the right ­

a. to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being; and

b. to have the environment protected, for the benefit of present and future generations, through reasonable legislative and other measures that ­

i. prevent pollution and ecological degradation;

ii. promote conservation; and

iii. secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting justifiable economic and social development.

Explanation

Section 22: Freedom of trade, occupation and profession

Every citizen has the right to choose their trade, occupation or profession freely. Laws can be passed to regulate how people practice their trade, occupation or professions.

LABOUR LAW
SMALL BUSINESS LAW

Section 23: Labour relations

Everyone has the right to fair labour practices.

Workers have the right to:

• form and join trade unions
• join in the activities and programmes of the trade union
• strike

Employers have the right to:

• form and join employers' organisations
• join in the activities and programmes of the employers' organisation

Trade unions and employers' organisations have the right to:

• make decisions about their own administration, programmes and activities
• organise
• form and join a federation
• engage in collective bargaining

The right to strike and lock-out

The right for workers to strike is written in the Constitution. The right for employers to lock out their workers is not included in the Constitution. But, this does not mean that employers do not have the right to lock-out. The Labour Relations Act says that employers have the right to lock-out in certain situations.

LABOUR LAW

Section 24: Environment

Everyone has the right to:

• an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being
• have the environment protected for present and future generations

The government must pass laws that:

• prevent pollution and damage to our natural resources
• promote conservation
• make sure that natural resources are developed while also promoting the economic and social development of people

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/1996/96cons2.htm  http://www.paralegaladvice.org.za/docs/chap01/04.html